Statement (Java SE 25 & JDK 25)
Description: declaration: module: java.sql, package: java.sql, interface: Statement
Keywords: java.sql.Statement interface

# Interface Statement

All Superinterfaces:
  `AutoCloseable, Wrapper`

All Known Subinterfaces:
  `CallableStatement, PreparedStatement`

public interface Statement extends Wrapper, AutoCloseable

The object used for executing a static SQL statement and returning the results it produces.

By default, only one `ResultSet` object per `Statement` object can be open at the same time. Therefore, if the reading of one `ResultSet` object is interleaved with the reading of another, each must have been generated by different `Statement` objects. All execution methods in the `Statement` interface implicitly close a current `ResultSet` object of the statement if an open one exists.

Since:
  1.1
See Also:
  - `Connection.createStatement()`
  - `ResultSet`

- ## Field Summary

  Fields
  Modifier and Type
  Field
  Description
  `static final int`
  `CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS`
  The constant indicating that all `ResultSet` objects that have previously been kept open should be closed when calling `getMoreResults`.
  `static final int`
  `CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT`
  The constant indicating that the current `ResultSet` object should be closed when calling `getMoreResults`.
  `static final int`
  `EXECUTE_FAILED`
  The constant indicating that an error occurred while executing a batch statement.
  `static final int`
  `KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT`
  The constant indicating that the current `ResultSet` object should not be closed when calling `getMoreResults`.
  `static final int`
  `NO_GENERATED_KEYS`
  The constant indicating that generated keys should not be made available for retrieval.
  `static final int`
  `RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS`
  The constant indicating that generated keys should be made available for retrieval.
  `static final int`
  `SUCCESS_NO_INFO`
  The constant indicating that a batch statement executed successfully but that no count of the number of rows it affected is available.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `addBatch(String sql)`
  Adds the given SQL command to the current list of commands for this `Statement` object.
  `void`
  `cancel()`
  Cancels this `Statement` object if both the DBMS and driver support aborting an SQL statement.
  `void`
  `clearBatch()`
  Empties this `Statement` object's current list of SQL commands.
  `void`
  `clearWarnings()`
  Clears all the warnings reported on this `Statement` object.
  `void`
  `close()`
  Releases this `Statement` object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for this to happen when it is automatically closed.
  `void`
  `closeOnCompletion()`
  Specifies that this `Statement` will be closed when all its dependent result sets are closed.
  `default String`
  `enquoteIdentifier(String identifier, boolean alwaysQuote)`
  Returns a SQL identifier.
  `default String`
  `enquoteLiteral(String val)`
  Returns a `String` enclosed in single quotes.
  `default String`
  `enquoteNCharLiteral(String val)`
  Returns a `String` representing a National Character Set Literal enclosed in single quotes and prefixed with a upper case letter N.
  `boolean`
  `execute(String sql)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results.
  `boolean`
  `execute(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results, and signals the driver that any auto-generated keys should be made available for retrieval.
  `boolean`
  `execute(String sql, int[] columnIndexes)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results, and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval.
  `boolean`
  `execute(String sql, String[] columnNames)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results, and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval.
  `int[]`
  `executeBatch()`
  Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and if all commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts.
  `default long[]`
  `executeLargeBatch()`
  Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and if all commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts.
  `default long`
  `executeLargeUpdate(String sql)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which may be an `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statement or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.
  `default long`
  `executeLargeUpdate(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)`
  Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver with the given flag about whether the auto-generated keys produced by this `Statement` object should be made available for retrieval.
  `default long`
  `executeLargeUpdate(String sql, int[] columnIndexes)`
  Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval.
  `default long`
  `executeLargeUpdate(String sql, String[] columnNames)`
  Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval.
  `ResultSet`
  `executeQuery(String sql)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which returns a single `ResultSet` object.
  `int`
  `executeUpdate(String sql)`
  Executes the given SQL statement, which may be an `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statement or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.
  `int`
  `executeUpdate(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)`
  Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver with the given flag about whether the auto-generated keys produced by this `Statement` object should be made available for retrieval.
  `int`
  `executeUpdate(String sql, int[] columnIndexes)`
  Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval.
  `int`
  `executeUpdate(String sql, String[] columnNames)`
  Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval.
  `Connection`
  `getConnection()`
  Retrieves the `Connection` object that produced this `Statement` object.
  `int`
  `getFetchDirection()`
  Retrieves the direction for fetching rows from database tables that is the default for result sets generated from this `Statement` object.
  `int`
  `getFetchSize()`
  Retrieves the number of result set rows that is the default fetch size for `ResultSet` objects generated from this `Statement` object.
  `ResultSet`
  `getGeneratedKeys()`
  Retrieves any auto-generated keys created as a result of executing this `Statement` object.
  `default long`
  `getLargeMaxRows()`
  Retrieves the maximum number of rows that a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object can contain.
  `default long`
  `getLargeUpdateCount()`
  Retrieves the current result as an update count; if the result is a `ResultSet` object or there are no more results, -1 is returned.
  `int`
  `getMaxFieldSize()`
  Retrieves the maximum number of bytes that can be returned for character and binary column values in a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object.
  `int`
  `getMaxRows()`
  Retrieves the maximum number of rows that a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object can contain.
  `boolean`
  `getMoreResults()`
  Moves to this `Statement` object's next result, returns `true` if it is a `ResultSet` object, and implicitly closes any current `ResultSet` object(s) obtained with the method `getResultSet`.
  `boolean`
  `getMoreResults(int current)`
  Moves to this `Statement` object's next result, deals with any current `ResultSet` object(s) according to the instructions specified by the given flag, and returns `true` if the next result is a `ResultSet` object.
  `int`
  `getQueryTimeout()`
  Retrieves the number of seconds the driver will wait for a `Statement` object to execute.
  `ResultSet`
  `getResultSet()`
  Retrieves the current result as a `ResultSet` object.
  `int`
  `getResultSetConcurrency()`
  Retrieves the result set concurrency for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement` object.
  `int`
  `getResultSetHoldability()`
  Retrieves the result set holdability for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement` object.
  `int`
  `getResultSetType()`
  Retrieves the result set type for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement` object.
  `int`
  `getUpdateCount()`
  Retrieves the current result as an update count; if the result is a `ResultSet` object or there are no more results, -1 is returned.
  `SQLWarning`
  `getWarnings()`
  Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this `Statement` object.
  `boolean`
  `isClosed()`
  Retrieves whether this `Statement` object has been closed.
  `boolean`
  `isCloseOnCompletion()`
  Returns a value indicating whether this `Statement` will be closed when all its dependent result sets are closed.
  `boolean`
  `isPoolable()`
  Returns a value indicating whether the `Statement` is poolable or not.
  `default boolean`
  `isSimpleIdentifier(String identifier)`
  Retrieves whether `identifier` is a simple SQL identifier.
  `void`
  `setCursorName(String name)`
  Sets the SQL cursor name to the given `String`, which will be used by subsequent `Statement` object `execute` methods.
  `void`
  `setEscapeProcessing(boolean enable)`
  Sets escape processing on or off.
  `void`
  `setFetchDirection(int direction)`
  Gives the driver a hint as to the direction in which rows will be processed in `ResultSet` objects created using this `Statement` object.
  `void`
  `setFetchSize(int rows)`
  Gives the JDBC driver a hint as to the number of rows that should be fetched from the database when more rows are needed for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement`.
  `default void`
  `setLargeMaxRows(long max)`
  Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any `ResultSet` object generated by this `Statement` object can contain to the given number.
  `void`
  `setMaxFieldSize(int max)`
  Sets the limit for the maximum number of bytes that can be returned for character and binary column values in a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object.
  `void`
  `setMaxRows(int max)`
  Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any `ResultSet` object generated by this `Statement` object can contain to the given number.
  `void`
  `setPoolable(boolean poolable)`
  Requests that a `Statement` be pooled or not pooled.
  `void`
  `setQueryTimeout(int seconds)`
  Sets the number of seconds the driver will wait for a `Statement` object to execute to the given number of seconds.

  ### Methods declared in interface Wrapper

  `isWrapperFor, unwrap`

- ## Field Details

  - ### CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT

    static final int CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT
    The constant indicating that the current `ResultSet` object should be closed when calling `getMoreResults`.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT

    static final int KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT
    The constant indicating that the current `ResultSet` object should not be closed when calling `getMoreResults`.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS

    static final int CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS
    The constant indicating that all `ResultSet` objects that have previously been kept open should be closed when calling `getMoreResults`.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### SUCCESS_NO_INFO

    static final int SUCCESS_NO_INFO
    The constant indicating that a batch statement executed successfully but that no count of the number of rows it affected is available.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### EXECUTE_FAILED

    static final int EXECUTE_FAILED
    The constant indicating that an error occurred while executing a batch statement.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS

    static final int RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
    The constant indicating that generated keys should be made available for retrieval.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

  - ### NO_GENERATED_KEYS

    static final int NO_GENERATED_KEYS
    The constant indicating that generated keys should not be made available for retrieval.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - Constant Field Values

- ## Method Details

  - ### executeQuery

    ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which returns a single `ResultSet` object.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL statement to be sent to the database, typically a static SQL `SELECT` statement
    Returns:
      a `ResultSet` object that contains the data produced by the given query; never `null`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the given SQL statement produces anything other than a single `ResultSet` object, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`

  - ### executeUpdate

    int executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which may be an `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statement or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
    Returns:
      either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the given SQL statement produces a `ResultSet` object, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`

  - ### close

    void close() throws SQLException
    Releases this `Statement` object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for this to happen when it is automatically closed. It is generally good practice to release resources as soon as you are finished with them to avoid tying up database resources.

    Calling the method `close` on a `Statement` object that is already closed has no effect.

    Note:When a `Statement` object is closed, its current `ResultSet` object, if one exists, is also closed.

    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs

  - ### getMaxFieldSize

    int getMaxFieldSize() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the maximum number of bytes that can be returned for character and binary column values in a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object. This limit applies only to `BINARY`, `VARBINARY`, `LONGVARBINARY`, `CHAR`, `VARCHAR`, `NCHAR`, `NVARCHAR`, `LONGNVARCHAR` and `LONGVARCHAR` columns. If the limit is exceeded, the excess data is silently discarded.
    Returns:
      the current column size limit for columns storing character and binary values; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `setMaxFieldSize(int)`

  - ### setMaxFieldSize

    void setMaxFieldSize(int max) throws SQLException
    Sets the limit for the maximum number of bytes that can be returned for character and binary column values in a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object. This limit applies only to `BINARY`, `VARBINARY`, `LONGVARBINARY`, `CHAR`, `VARCHAR`, `NCHAR`, `NVARCHAR`, `LONGNVARCHAR` and `LONGVARCHAR` fields. If the limit is exceeded, the excess data is silently discarded. For maximum portability, use values greater than 256.
    Parameters:
      `max` - the new column size limit in bytes; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the condition `max >= 0` is not satisfied
    See Also:
      - `getMaxFieldSize()`

  - ### getMaxRows

    int getMaxRows() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the maximum number of rows that a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object can contain. If this limit is exceeded, the excess rows are silently dropped.
    Returns:
      the current maximum number of rows for a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `setMaxRows(int)`

  - ### setMaxRows

    void setMaxRows(int max) throws SQLException
    Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any `ResultSet` object generated by this `Statement` object can contain to the given number. If the limit is exceeded, the excess rows are silently dropped.
    Parameters:
      `max` - the new max rows limit; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the condition `max >= 0` is not satisfied
    See Also:
      - `getMaxRows()`

  - ### setEscapeProcessing

    void setEscapeProcessing(boolean enable) throws SQLException
    Sets escape processing on or off. If escape scanning is on (the default), the driver will do escape substitution before sending the SQL statement to the database.

    The `Connection` and `DataSource` property `escapeProcessing` may be used to change the default escape processing behavior. A value of true (the default) enables escape Processing for all `Statement` objects. A value of false disables escape processing for all `Statement` objects. The `setEscapeProcessing` method may be used to specify the escape processing behavior for an individual `Statement` object.

    Note: Since prepared statements have usually been parsed prior to making this call, disabling escape processing for `PreparedStatements` objects will have no effect.

    Parameters:
      `enable` - `true` to enable escape processing; `false` to disable it
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`

  - ### getQueryTimeout

    int getQueryTimeout() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the number of seconds the driver will wait for a `Statement` object to execute. If the limit is exceeded, a `SQLException` is thrown.
    Returns:
      the current query timeout limit in seconds; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `setQueryTimeout(int)`

  - ### setQueryTimeout

    void setQueryTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException
    Sets the number of seconds the driver will wait for a `Statement` object to execute to the given number of seconds. By default there is no limit on the amount of time allowed for a running statement to complete. If the limit is exceeded, an `SQLTimeoutException` is thrown. A JDBC driver must apply this limit to the `execute`, `executeQuery` and `executeUpdate` methods.

    Note: JDBC driver implementations may also apply this limit to `ResultSet` methods (consult your driver vendor documentation for details).

    Note: In the case of `Statement` batching, it is implementation defined as to whether the time-out is applied to individual SQL commands added via the `addBatch` method or to the entire batch of SQL commands invoked by the `executeBatch` method (consult your driver vendor documentation for details).

    Parameters:
      `seconds` - the new query timeout limit in seconds; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the condition `seconds >= 0` is not satisfied
    See Also:
      - `getQueryTimeout()`

  - ### cancel

    void cancel() throws SQLException
    Cancels this `Statement` object if both the DBMS and driver support aborting an SQL statement. This method can be used by one thread to cancel a statement that is being executed by another thread.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### getWarnings

    SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this `Statement` object. Subsequent `Statement` object warnings will be chained to this `SQLWarning` object.

    The warning chain is automatically cleared each time a statement is (re)executed. This method may not be called on a closed `Statement` object; doing so will cause an `SQLException` to be thrown.

    Note: If you are processing a `ResultSet` object, any warnings associated with reads on that `ResultSet` object will be chained on it rather than on the `Statement` object that produced it.

    Returns:
      the first `SQLWarning` object or `null` if there are no warnings
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`

  - ### clearWarnings

    void clearWarnings() throws SQLException
    Clears all the warnings reported on this `Statement` object. After a call to this method, the method `getWarnings` will return `null` until a new warning is reported for this `Statement` object.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`

  - ### setCursorName

    void setCursorName(String name) throws SQLException
    Sets the SQL cursor name to the given `String`, which will be used by subsequent `Statement` object `execute` methods. This name can then be used in SQL positioned update or delete statements to identify the current row in the `ResultSet` object generated by this statement. If the database does not support positioned update/delete, this method is a noop. To insure that a cursor has the proper isolation level to support updates, the cursor's `SELECT` statement should have the form `SELECT FOR UPDATE`. If `FOR UPDATE` is not present, positioned updates may fail.

    Note: By definition, the execution of positioned updates and deletes must be done by a different `Statement` object than the one that generated the `ResultSet` object being used for positioning. Also, cursor names must be unique within a connection.

    Parameters:
      `name` - the new cursor name, which must be unique within a connection
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method

  - ### execute

    boolean execute(String sql) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results. In some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an unknown SQL string.

    The `execute` method executes an SQL statement and indicates the form of the first result. You must then use the methods `getResultSet` or `getUpdateCount` to retrieve the result, and `getMoreResults` to move to any subsequent result(s).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - any SQL statement
    Returns:
      `true` if the first result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if it is an update count or there are no results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `getResultSet()`
      - `getUpdateCount()`
      - `getMoreResults()`

  - ### getResultSet

    ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the current result as a `ResultSet` object. This method should be called only once per result.
    Returns:
      the current result as a `ResultSet` object or `null` if the result is an update count or there are no more results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `execute(String)`

  - ### getUpdateCount

    int getUpdateCount() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the current result as an update count; if the result is a `ResultSet` object or there are no more results, -1 is returned. This method should be called only once per result.
    Returns:
      the current result as an update count; -1 if the current result is a `ResultSet` object or there are no more results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `execute(String)`

  - ### getMoreResults

    boolean getMoreResults() throws SQLException
    Moves to this `Statement` object's next result, returns `true` if it is a `ResultSet` object, and implicitly closes any current `ResultSet` object(s) obtained with the method `getResultSet`.

    There are no more results when the following is true:

            // stmt is a Statement object
            ((stmt.getMoreResults() == false) && (stmt.getUpdateCount() == -1))

    Returns:
      `true` if the next result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if it is an update count or there are no more results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    See Also:
      - `execute(String)`

  - ### setFetchDirection

    void setFetchDirection(int direction) throws SQLException
    Gives the driver a hint as to the direction in which rows will be processed in `ResultSet` objects created using this `Statement` object. The default value is `ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD`.

    Note that this method sets the default fetch direction for result sets generated by this `Statement` object. Each result set has its own methods for getting and setting its own fetch direction.

    Parameters:
      `direction` - the initial direction for processing rows
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the given direction is not one of `ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD`, `ResultSet.FETCH_REVERSE`, or `ResultSet.FETCH_UNKNOWN`
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `getFetchDirection()`

  - ### getFetchDirection

    int getFetchDirection() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the direction for fetching rows from database tables that is the default for result sets generated from this `Statement` object. If this `Statement` object has not set a fetch direction by calling the method `setFetchDirection`, the return value is implementation-specific.
    Returns:
      the default fetch direction for result sets generated from this `Statement` object
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `setFetchDirection(int)`

  - ### setFetchSize

    void setFetchSize(int rows) throws SQLException
    Gives the JDBC driver a hint as to the number of rows that should be fetched from the database when more rows are needed for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement`. If the value specified is zero, then the hint is ignored. The default value is zero.
    Parameters:
      `rows` - the number of rows to fetch
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the condition `rows >= 0` is not satisfied.
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `getFetchSize()`

  - ### getFetchSize

    int getFetchSize() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the number of result set rows that is the default fetch size for `ResultSet` objects generated from this `Statement` object. If this `Statement` object has not set a fetch size by calling the method `setFetchSize`, the return value is implementation-specific.
    Returns:
      the default fetch size for result sets generated from this `Statement` object
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `setFetchSize(int)`

  - ### getResultSetConcurrency

    int getResultSetConcurrency() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the result set concurrency for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement` object.
    Returns:
      either `ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY` or `ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.2

  - ### getResultSetType

    int getResultSetType() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the result set type for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement` object.
    Returns:
      one of `ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY`, `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE`, or `ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.2

  - ### addBatch

    void addBatch(String sql) throws SQLException
    Adds the given SQL command to the current list of commands for this `Statement` object. The commands in this list can be executed as a batch by calling the method `executeBatch`.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - typically this is a SQL `INSERT` or `UPDATE` statement
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the driver does not support batch updates, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `executeBatch()`
      - `DatabaseMetaData.supportsBatchUpdates()`

  - ### clearBatch

    void clearBatch() throws SQLException
    Empties this `Statement` object's current list of SQL commands.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the driver does not support batch updates
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `addBatch(String)`
      - `DatabaseMetaData.supportsBatchUpdates()`

  - ### executeBatch

    int[] executeBatch() throws SQLException
    Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and if all commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts. The `int` elements of the array that is returned are ordered to correspond to the commands in the batch, which are ordered according to the order in which they were added to the batch. The elements in the array returned by the method `executeBatch` may be one of the following:
    1. A number greater than or equal to zero -- indicates that the command was processed successfully and is an update count giving the number of rows in the database that were affected by the command's execution
    2. A value of `SUCCESS_NO_INFO` -- indicates that the command was processed successfully but that the number of rows affected is unknown

       If one of the commands in a batch update fails to execute properly, this method throws a `BatchUpdateException`, and a JDBC driver may or may not continue to process the remaining commands in the batch. However, the driver's behavior must be consistent with a particular DBMS, either always continuing to process commands or never continuing to process commands. If the driver continues processing after a failure, the array returned by the method `BatchUpdateException.getUpdateCounts` will contain as many elements as there are commands in the batch, and at least one of the elements will be the following:

    3. A value of `EXECUTE_FAILED` -- indicates that the command failed to execute successfully and occurs only if a driver continues to process commands after a command fails

    The possible implementations and return values have been modified in the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 to accommodate the option of continuing to process commands in a batch update after a `BatchUpdateException` object has been thrown.

    Returns:
      an array of update counts containing one element for each command in the batch. The elements of the array are ordered according to the order in which commands were added to the batch.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the driver does not support batch statements. Throws `BatchUpdateException` (a subclass of `SQLException`) if one of the commands sent to the database fails to execute properly or attempts to return a result set.
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.2
    See Also:
      - `addBatch(String)`
      - `DatabaseMetaData.supportsBatchUpdates()`

  - ### getConnection

    Connection getConnection() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the `Connection` object that produced this `Statement` object.
    Returns:
      the connection that produced this statement
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.2

  - ### getMoreResults

    boolean getMoreResults(int current) throws SQLException
    Moves to this `Statement` object's next result, deals with any current `ResultSet` object(s) according to the instructions specified by the given flag, and returns `true` if the next result is a `ResultSet` object.

    There are no more results when the following is true:

             // stmt is a Statement object
             ((stmt.getMoreResults(current) == false) && (stmt.getUpdateCount() == -1))

    Parameters:
      `current` - one of the following `Statement` constants indicating what should happen to current `ResultSet` objects obtained using the method `getResultSet`: `Statement.CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT`, `Statement.KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT`, or `Statement.CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS`
    Returns:
      `true` if the next result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if it is an update count or there are no more results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the argument supplied is not one of the following: `Statement.CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT`, `Statement.KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT` or `Statement.CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if `DatabaseMetaData.supportsMultipleOpenResults` returns `false` and either `Statement.KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT` or `Statement.CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS` are supplied as the argument.
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `execute(String)`

  - ### getGeneratedKeys

    ResultSet getGeneratedKeys() throws SQLException
    Retrieves any auto-generated keys created as a result of executing this `Statement` object. If this `Statement` object did not generate any keys, an empty `ResultSet` object is returned.

    Note:If the columns which represent the auto-generated keys were not specified, the JDBC driver implementation will determine the columns which best represent the auto-generated keys.

    Returns:
      a `ResultSet` object containing the auto-generated key(s) generated by the execution of this `Statement` object
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### executeUpdate

    int executeUpdate(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver with the given flag about whether the auto-generated keys produced by this `Statement` object should be made available for retrieval. The driver will ignore the flag if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
      `autoGeneratedKeys` - a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be made available for retrieval; one of the following constants: `Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS` `Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS`
    Returns:
      either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the given SQL statement returns a `ResultSet` object, the given constant is not one of those allowed, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### executeUpdate

    int executeUpdate(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
      `columnIndexes` - an array of column indexes indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row
    Returns:
      either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the SQL statement returns a `ResultSet` object, the second argument supplied to this method is not an `int` array whose elements are valid column indexes, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### executeUpdate

    int executeUpdate(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval. This array contains the names of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
      `columnNames` - an array of the names of the columns that should be returned from the inserted row
    Returns:
      either the row count for `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statements, or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the SQL statement returns a `ResultSet` object, the second argument supplied to this method is not a `String` array whose elements are valid column names, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### execute

    boolean execute(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results, and signals the driver that any auto-generated keys should be made available for retrieval. The driver will ignore this signal if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    In some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an unknown SQL string.

    The `execute` method executes an SQL statement and indicates the form of the first result. You must then use the methods `getResultSet` or `getUpdateCount` to retrieve the result, and `getMoreResults` to move to any subsequent result(s).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - any SQL statement
      `autoGeneratedKeys` - a constant indicating whether auto-generated keys should be made available for retrieval using the method `getGeneratedKeys`; one of the following constants: `Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS` or `Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS`
    Returns:
      `true` if the first result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if it is an update count or there are no results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the second parameter supplied to this method is not `Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS` or `Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS`, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getResultSet()`
      - `getUpdateCount()`
      - `getMoreResults()`
      - `getGeneratedKeys()`

  - ### execute

    boolean execute(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results, and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    Under some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an unknown SQL string.

    The `execute` method executes an SQL statement and indicates the form of the first result. You must then use the methods `getResultSet` or `getUpdateCount` to retrieve the result, and `getMoreResults` to move to any subsequent result(s).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - any SQL statement
      `columnIndexes` - an array of the indexes of the columns in the inserted row that should be made available for retrieval by a call to the method `getGeneratedKeys`
    Returns:
      `true` if the first result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if it is an update count or there are no results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the elements in the `int` array passed to this method are not valid column indexes, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getResultSet()`
      - `getUpdateCount()`
      - `getMoreResults()`

  - ### execute

    boolean execute(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results, and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval. This array contains the names of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    In some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an unknown SQL string.

    The `execute` method executes an SQL statement and indicates the form of the first result. You must then use the methods `getResultSet` or `getUpdateCount` to retrieve the result, and `getMoreResults` to move to any subsequent result(s).

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    Parameters:
      `sql` - any SQL statement
      `columnNames` - an array of the names of the columns in the inserted row that should be made available for retrieval by a call to the method `getGeneratedKeys`
    Returns:
      `true` if the next result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if it is an update count or there are no more results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the elements of the `String` array passed to this method are not valid column names, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4
    See Also:
      - `getResultSet()`
      - `getUpdateCount()`
      - `getMoreResults()`
      - `getGeneratedKeys()`

  - ### getResultSetHoldability

    int getResultSetHoldability() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the result set holdability for `ResultSet` objects generated by this `Statement` object.
    Returns:
      either `ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT` or `ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT`
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.4

  - ### isClosed

    boolean isClosed() throws SQLException
    Retrieves whether this `Statement` object has been closed. A `Statement` is closed if the method close has been called on it, or if it is automatically closed.
    Returns:
      true if this `Statement` object is closed; false if it is still open
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### setPoolable

    void setPoolable(boolean poolable) throws SQLException
    Requests that a `Statement` be pooled or not pooled. The value specified is a hint to the statement pool implementation indicating whether the application wants the statement to be pooled. It is up to the statement pool manager as to whether the hint is used.

    The poolable value of a statement is applicable to both internal statement caches implemented by the driver and external statement caches implemented by application servers and other applications.

    By default, a `Statement` is not poolable when created, and a `PreparedStatement` and `CallableStatement` are poolable when created.

    Parameters:
      `poolable` - requests that the statement be pooled if true and that the statement not be pooled if false
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.6

  - ### isPoolable

    boolean isPoolable() throws SQLException
    Returns a value indicating whether the `Statement` is poolable or not.
    Returns:
      `true` if the `Statement` is poolable; `false` otherwise
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.6
    See Also:
      - `setPoolable(boolean)`

  - ### closeOnCompletion

    void closeOnCompletion() throws SQLException
    Specifies that this `Statement` will be closed when all its dependent result sets are closed. If execution of the `Statement` does not produce any result sets, this method has no effect.

    Note: Multiple calls to `closeOnCompletion` do not toggle the effect on this `Statement`. However, a call to `closeOnCompletion` does effect both the subsequent execution of statements, and statements that currently have open, dependent, result sets.

    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.7

  - ### isCloseOnCompletion

    boolean isCloseOnCompletion() throws SQLException
    Returns a value indicating whether this `Statement` will be closed when all its dependent result sets are closed.
    Returns:
      `true` if the `Statement` will be closed when all of its dependent result sets are closed; `false` otherwise
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.7

  - ### getLargeUpdateCount

    default long getLargeUpdateCount() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the current result as an update count; if the result is a `ResultSet` object or there are no more results, -1 is returned. This method should be called only once per result.

    This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    The default implementation will throw `UnsupportedOperationException`

    Returns:
      the current result as an update count; -1 if the current result is a `ResultSet` object or there are no more results
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8
    See Also:
      - `execute(String)`

  - ### setLargeMaxRows

    default void setLargeMaxRows(long max) throws SQLException
    Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any `ResultSet` object generated by this `Statement` object can contain to the given number. If the limit is exceeded, the excess rows are silently dropped.

    This method should be used when the row limit may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    The default implementation will throw `UnsupportedOperationException`

    Parameters:
      `max` - the new max rows limit; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the condition `max >= 0` is not satisfied
    Since:
      1.8
    See Also:
      - `getMaxRows()`

  - ### getLargeMaxRows

    default long getLargeMaxRows() throws SQLException
    Retrieves the maximum number of rows that a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object can contain. If this limit is exceeded, the excess rows are silently dropped.

    This method should be used when the returned row limit may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    The default implementation will return `0`

    Returns:
      the current maximum number of rows for a `ResultSet` object produced by this `Statement` object; zero means there is no limit
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8
    See Also:
      - `setMaxRows(int)`

  - ### executeLargeBatch

    default long[] executeLargeBatch() throws SQLException
    Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and if all commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts. The `long` elements of the array that is returned are ordered to correspond to the commands in the batch, which are ordered according to the order in which they were added to the batch. The elements in the array returned by the method `executeLargeBatch` may be one of the following:
    1. A number greater than or equal to zero -- indicates that the command was processed successfully and is an update count giving the number of rows in the database that were affected by the command's execution
    2. A value of `SUCCESS_NO_INFO` -- indicates that the command was processed successfully but that the number of rows affected is unknown

       If one of the commands in a batch update fails to execute properly, this method throws a `BatchUpdateException`, and a JDBC driver may or may not continue to process the remaining commands in the batch. However, the driver's behavior must be consistent with a particular DBMS, either always continuing to process commands or never continuing to process commands. If the driver continues processing after a failure, the array returned by the method `BatchUpdateException.getLargeUpdateCounts` will contain as many elements as there are commands in the batch, and at least one of the elements will be the following:

    3. A value of `EXECUTE_FAILED` -- indicates that the command failed to execute successfully and occurs only if a driver continues to process commands after a command fails

    This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    The default implementation will throw `UnsupportedOperationException`

    Returns:
      an array of update counts containing one element for each command in the batch. The elements of the array are ordered according to the order in which commands were added to the batch.
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement` or the driver does not support batch statements. Throws `BatchUpdateException` (a subclass of `SQLException`) if one of the commands sent to the database fails to execute properly or attempts to return a result set.
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8
    See Also:
      - `addBatch(String)`
      - `DatabaseMetaData.supportsBatchUpdates()`

  - ### executeLargeUpdate

    default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement, which may be an `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statement or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.

    This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    The default implementation will throw `UnsupportedOperationException`

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
    Returns:
      either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the given SQL statement produces a `ResultSet` object, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8

  - ### executeLargeUpdate

    default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver with the given flag about whether the auto-generated keys produced by this `Statement` object should be made available for retrieval. The driver will ignore the flag if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    The default implementation will throw `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException`

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
      `autoGeneratedKeys` - a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be made available for retrieval; one of the following constants: `Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS` `Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS`
    Returns:
      either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the given SQL statement returns a `ResultSet` object, the given constant is not one of those allowed, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8

  - ### executeLargeUpdate

    default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    The default implementation will throw `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException`

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
      `columnIndexes` - an array of column indexes indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row
    Returns:
      either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the SQL statement returns a `ResultSet` object,the second argument supplied to this method is not an `int` array whose elements are valid column indexes, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8

  - ### executeLargeUpdate

    default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException
    Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available for retrieval. This array contains the names of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an `INSERT` statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).

    This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

    Note:This method cannot be called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`.

    The default implementation will throw `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException`

    Parameters:
      `sql` - an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE` or `DELETE`; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
      `columnNames` - an array of the names of the columns that should be returned from the inserted row
    Returns:
      either the row count for `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statements, or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed `Statement`, the SQL statement returns a `ResultSet` object, the second argument supplied to this method is not a `String` array whose elements are valid column names, the method is called on a `PreparedStatement` or `CallableStatement`
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      `SQLTimeoutException` - when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
    Since:
      1.8

  - ### enquoteLiteral

    default String enquoteLiteral(String val) throws SQLException
    Returns a `String` enclosed in single quotes. Any occurrence of a single quote within the string will be replaced by two single quotes.

    > Examples of the conversion:
    > Value | Result
    > --- | ---
    > Hello | 'Hello'
    > G'Day | 'G''Day'
    > 'G''Day' | '''G''''Day'''
    > I'''M | 'I''''''M'

    Implementation Note:
      JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying datasource.
    Parameters:
      `val` - a character string
    Returns:
      A string enclosed by single quotes with every single quote converted to two single quotes
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if val is `null`
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
    Since:
      9

  - ### enquoteIdentifier

    default String enquoteIdentifier(String identifier, boolean alwaysQuote) throws SQLException
    Returns a SQL identifier. If `identifier` is a simple SQL identifier:
    - Return the original value if `alwaysQuote` is `false`
    - Return a delimited identifier if `alwaysQuote` is `true`
    If `identifier` is not a simple SQL identifier, `identifier` will be enclosed in double quotes if not already present. If the datasource does not support double quotes for delimited identifiers, the identifier should be enclosed by the string returned from `DatabaseMetaData.getIdentifierQuoteString()`. If the datasource does not support delimited identifiers, a `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` should be thrown.

    A `SQLException` will be thrown if `identifier` contains any characters invalid in a delimited identifier or the identifier length is invalid for the datasource.

    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses the following criteria to determine a valid simple SQL identifier:
      - The string is not enclosed in double quotes
      - The first character is an alphabetic character from a through z, or from A through Z
      - The name only contains alphanumeric characters or the character "_"
      The default implementation will throw a `SQLException` if:
      - `identifier` contains a `null` character or double quote and is not a simple SQL identifier.
      - The length of `identifier` is less than 1 or greater than 128 characters

      > Examples of the conversion:
      > identifier | alwaysQuote | Result
      > --- | --- | ---
      > Hello | false | Hello
      > Hello | true | "Hello"
      > G'Day | false | "G'Day"
      > "Bruce Wayne" | false | "Bruce Wayne"
      > "Bruce Wayne" | true | "Bruce Wayne"
      > GoodDay$ | false | "GoodDay$"
      > Hello"World | false | SQLException
      > "Hello"World" | false | SQLException

    Implementation Note:
      JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying datasource.
    Parameters:
      `identifier` - a SQL identifier
      `alwaysQuote` - indicates if a simple SQL identifier should be returned as a quoted identifier
    Returns:
      A simple SQL identifier or a delimited identifier
    Throws:
      `SQLException` - if identifier is not a valid identifier
      `SQLFeatureNotSupportedException` - if the datasource does not support delimited identifiers
      `NullPointerException` - if identifier is `null`
    Since:
      9

  - ### isSimpleIdentifier

    default boolean isSimpleIdentifier(String identifier) throws SQLException
    Retrieves whether `identifier` is a simple SQL identifier.
    Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation uses the following criteria to determine a valid simple SQL identifier:
      - The string is not enclosed in double quotes
      - The first character is an alphabetic character from a through z, or from A through Z
      - The string only contains alphanumeric characters or the character "_"
      - The string is between 1 and 128 characters in length inclusive

      > Examples of the conversion:
      > identifier | Simple Identifier
      > --- | ---
      > Hello | true
      > G'Day | false
      > "Bruce Wayne" | false
      > GoodDay$ | false
      > Hello"World | false
      > "Hello"World" | false

    Implementation Note:
      JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying datasource.
    Parameters:
      `identifier` - a SQL identifier
    Returns:
      true if a simple SQL identifier, false otherwise
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if identifier is `null`
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
    Since:
      9

  - ### enquoteNCharLiteral

    default String enquoteNCharLiteral(String val) throws SQLException
    Returns a `String` representing a National Character Set Literal enclosed in single quotes and prefixed with a upper case letter N. Any occurrence of a single quote within the string will be replaced by two single quotes.

    > Examples of the conversion:
    > Value | Result
    > --- | ---
    > Hello | N'Hello'
    > G'Day | N'G''Day'
    > 'G''Day' | N'''G''''Day'''
    > I'''M | N'I''''''M'
    > N'Hello' | N'N''Hello'''

    Implementation Note:
      JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying datasource. An implementation of enquoteNCharLiteral may accept a different set of characters than that accepted by the same drivers implementation of enquoteLiteral.
    Parameters:
      `val` - a character string
    Returns:
      the result of replacing every single quote character in the argument by two single quote characters where this entire result is then prefixed with 'N'.
    Throws:
      `NullPointerException` - if val is `null`
      `SQLException` - if a database access error occurs
    Since:
      9